Citizenship

The two most common pathways to Australian citizenship are Citizenship by Conferral and Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by Conferral

The citizenship by conferral pathway is for Australian permanent residents who are able to meet the citizenship residence requirements.
For adults between the age of 18 and 60 years, the required residence (in Australia) period is four years of which at least one year must be as a permanent resident
The requirements apply differently to children who are under 18 years of age or adults who are over 60 years of age

Citizenship by Descent

The Citizenship by Descent Pathway is for newborn children where at least one parent is an Australian citizen, permanent resident
If the child is born outside Australia, then at least one parent must be an Australian citizen for the child to be able to apply for citizenship under this pathway
If the child is born in Australia, they can apply for citizenship under this pathway as long as one parent is a citizen or permanent resident
If the child is born overseas and one or both parents are only permanent residents, the child will need to apply for the Child (Migrant) Visa (101).

As at 1 July 2024, the Home Affairs fees for citizenship are as below:

Citizenship pathways